Refrigerating apparatus and method



June 2,'1936- J. c. GoosMANN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS AND METHOD Filed on. e, 1931 2 sheets-sheet 1 June 2, 1936. J. c. GoosMANN 2,043,163

I REFRIGERATING APPARATUS AND METHOD Filedct. 6, 1931 2 Sheet's-Sheei'l 2 N1 I Q T l l `V` UNIT-so STATE- I y niirnronaarlsmrosm Justus C. Goosmann, Monnt'vernon, N. Y., as signor, by mesne assignments, to Adico Development Corporation Anniiootion ootobor s, 1931, serial no. semis 14 claim. (ci. ca -91.5).

This invention relates to the art of refrigera- 8 access le through the door l of the refrigertion and more particularly to a method and reator. Mo ted below the open end of the casing frlgerator for utilizing solid carbon. dioxide ice, 1 is an inclined support i2. The lower righthand and water ice in combination. edge of compartment 1, Fig. 1, is inclinedor beve It is wen known that the ordinary refrigerator eled as shown at 1*. 'rhablock Iris so mounted 5 employing water ice as the source of refrigerathat the carbon dioxide ice blocks within the` tion rarely ever maintains the interior of the casing 1 may movevalong the inclined surface refrigerator at a temperature much below 45 F. I2 to the right 0f FIG- l'imd iSSlle through the '0f course, the theoretical minimum temperature opening provided as shown. This opening is l which could be maintained with water ice is 32 (Closed by means 0f the upstanding Wall Il fOrmed 10 F., but in practice this ideal is never attained integral with the peaked platform 9'. Extending because the refrigerator box permits heat to flow upwardly from the platform 9 is a perforated inwardly raising the temperature of the interior screen or wall I0 which is spaced away from the .of the refrigerator. Perlshable products such as Side Wall 0f the refrigerator COmpartmellIS t0 Perfoods and meats, for example, ought to be mainmit air to flow thereby. The blocks of water 15 tained at a lowehtemperature than 40 tp 45 in ice rest upon the platform 9. The inclined blo'cle order to efficiently preservethem for any length I2 and the platform 9 converge toward each of time. `Such products ought to be maintained other so that a portion at least of the block of at a temperature in the neighborhood of 32 F. water ice is in heat exchange relation with a 2o or even lower, but it is impossible to .maintain smaller block of carbon dioxide ice through the 2o these temperatures in refrigerators with ordiheat conducting wall il. nary water ice. ,At the rear of container'1 near the top there- This inventiony employs solid carbon dioxide ite of is a port or openlns I3 through which a pipe. which is at a tremendously low temperature in y Il is connected. At i5 is a water drain pipe concombination inheat exchange relation with water nected, With lW 'Point 0f Platform 9 and-GX* 25 ice in a manner so that the temperature within tending downwardlyinto a watr seal' It. Pipe the refrigerator is at 32 F. or lower. I5 is continued by`a drainor waste connection This invention resides in the combination, oonfrom the water seal to which nine I4 connects.'

structiom arrangement, relative location of'parts, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. At' I1 is what may '3o steps and series of steps all as will be described be termed a pillow which rests upon the top of 30 in greater detail hereinafter. the carbon dioxide ice blocks so that it may de- Referring to the drawingsi scend with them as they sublime. .This pillow Figure i is o vertical oross-seetionni view token. may be of any Suitable heat insulating material on the line I-i of Fig. 3; l such as a fabric casing packed with` feathers,

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken asbestos, wool or other heat insulating material.

on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3; The lower wall of compartment i is provided with Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken an Opening i- 1 y J on the lineI 3-3 of Fig.' 1; `and The food `compartment tctheleft of the refrig- Flg. 4 is a front elevational view 'of the refrlgerant compartment and. the food compartment l below the refrigerant compartment are acces- 4o.

Yl'teferring to these drawings indetail, there ig sible through the doors l and 6.] The refrigerant I shown at i s. suitable refrigerator easing supcompartment is accessible through'thedoors l.

ported on legs or standards 2. The casing isy and Iso that' it may becharged with carbon providedwith three doors, I, l l. through dioxide ice and water'ice'as needed. V,The path -45 which access to the interior of the refrigerator of air flow is indicated by Aa dot and dash line in 45 maybehad. Thecasing I islinedwithasuitable Fig. 1."Tl1e heated air rises to the top of the heat insulating lining which may, as indicated .refrigeraton rthen moves to the right, descends in the drawings. be of cork board of suitable downwardly between the compartment wall and thickness. suitably supported vwithin the refrigthe perforated` wall Il. Thus the warm air is erator compartment is a easing i which is progradually cooled causing the water ice blocks 50 vided with a bottom 'side and front walls to on their righthsnd faces. vto melt. The water form an open top container, as is clear in Pig. 1. thus formed is drained of! through -pipe Il. The yWithin this container is an inverted open-ended very Imuch colder blocks of carbon dioxide lee container 'l which is provided at its front portend to maintain the blocks .of water ice at a tion. as shown inria. 2. with sremovsbie door temperature lower than 32F. vThe portion o! 5 5 s PATENT v oi-fFicaf.

the water ice block adjacent the wall II is very much colder than 32 F. but since the` heat conductivity of ice is poor the temperature gradient is higher in a direction away from the metal wall II and towards the righthand faces of the water ice blocks adjacent the perforated wall I 0. The presence of the carbon dioxide ice blocks within the chamber I also act by heat exchange through the chamber Walls to aid in maintaining the temperature of the refrigerator at the proper value. Thus it will be seen that not only is the temperature within the refrigerator sufiiciently low for the desired purpose but, in addition, the water ice melts more slowly than it would in the ordinary refrigerator.

The desired temperature within the refrigerator can, of course, be predetermined by the amount of carbon dioxide ice and water ice provided, the area of the Wall II, the thickness of the walls and compartments 6 and 'I and the other variable factors well known to those skilled in the art. For example. the very cold carbon dioxide gas which escapes through port I3 and down through I5 makes the pipe I5 a very good source of refrigeration by means of which considerable heat can be carried away from the refrigerating compartment.

these principles of construction and use of theserefrigerants may be embodied in other physical forms and I do not, therefore, desire to be strictly limited to the disclosure as given for purposes of illustration but rather to the scope of the appended claims.

What I seek to secure by United States Letters Patent is:

1. In a refrigerator as described, the combination with means forming a refrigerator cabinet, of an inclined platform for supporting blocks of water ice, a second inclined platform for supporting blocks of carbon dioxide ice, said platforms being arranged with respect to each other to cause the blocks of both water ice and carbon dioxide ice to move towards each other, and a. heat conducting wall interposed between the two refrigerants.

2. In a refrigerator of the type described the combination comprising a cabinet, a metal platform within the cabinet for supporting water ice, an inverted open-ended container to -receive blocks of carbon dioxide ice, means for feeding the blocks of carbon dioxide ice in succession towards the blocks of water ice so that they tend to contact, and a heat conducting surface interposed between the blocks at the area of contact.

3. A device as described comprising a refrigerator cabinet, a compartment within the cabinet having a metal platform for supporting blocks of water ice and a perforated wall spaced from the interior wall of the cabinet to provide a path of air iiow, a container for blocks of carbon dioxide ice, means for feeding the blocks of carbon dioxide ice toward the blocks of water ice, and a heat conducting wall therebetween.

4. A device as described comprising a refrigerator cabinet, a compartment within the cabinet having a metal platform for supporting blocks ofwater ice and a perforated wall spaced from the interior wall of the cabinet to provide a pathof air flow, a container for blocks of carbon dioxide ice, means for feeding the blocks of carbon 'dioxide ice toward the blocks of water ice, heat conducting wall therebetween, and means for conducting carbon dioxide gas as it forms to the exterior of the cabinet.

5. A refrigerator comprising a cabinet, a water 5 ice container within the cabinet having a metal platform and an upstanding side wall, and means for feeding blocks of carbon dioxide ice into contact with the metal wall.

6. In. a refrigerator as described a container, 10 an inclined platform having a vertically extending wall from the low point thereof, a cabinet for receiving blocks of carbon dioxide ice open at the bottom, and means for feeding the blocks of carbon dioxide ice against said upstanding 15 wail.

7. In a refrigerator of the type described the combination comprising a refrigerating compartment, means for supporting blocks of water ice within the compartment so that blocks are exposed on at least one surface thereof, a substantially closed container for solid carbon dioxide having an open bottom, a pipe connection at the top thereof and means for causing the water ice and solid carbon dioxide to move into heat exchange relation as they change in phase.

8. In a refrigerator of the type described the combination comprising a refrigerating compartment, means for supporting blocks of water ice within the compartment so that .blocks are exposed on at least one surface thereof, a substantially closed container having an open bottom, a pipe connection at the top thereof, a heat conducting wall for closing the open end of the container and means for feeding a solid refrigerant from the container into contact with said wall.

9. The method of maintaining a confined space at a refrigerating temperature which comprises supporting carbon dioxide ice and water 40 ice therein substantially heat insulated from each other and effecting heat exchange between the two refrigerants at a limited rate and exposing the water ice to convection air currents in the space to cool it.

10. A refrigerator comprising the combination with a cabinet, of two refrigerants at normally different temperatures within the cabinet substantially heat insulated from each other but arranged in heat exchange relation through a 60 heat conducting wall of limited area, and a heat conducting wall of relatively large area in contact with the refrigerant of higher temperature and exposed to thermal contact with the air currents in the cabinet.

11."I'he method of refrigerating a confined sp'ace which comprises employing blocks of water ice within the space so as to be exposed to the air convection currents therein, confining blocks of carbon dioxide ice so as to be substantially 60 heat insulated from the water ice, and eifecting heat exchange between the two refrigerants at a limited rate.

12. 'I'he method of refrigerating a confined space which comprises employing water ice 65 within the space so as to be exposed to the convection currents therein, confining carbon dioxide ice so as to be substantially heat insulated from the water ice, and eecting heat exchange between a limited portion of the area between 70 the water ice and carbon dioxide ice.

13. The combination comprising a refrigerator container, means within the container providing two compartments one of which is adapted to receive carbon dioxide ice therein and the other z5 of which is adapted to receive water ice therein with the water ice exposed to direct thermal contact with air currents in said refrigerator container, the said compartments substantially heat insulated from each other, and means placing limited areas of said compartments in heat exchange relation with each other to control the rate of heat exchange between carbon dioxide ice and water ice in the compartments. 14. In a refrigerator, the combination with a refrigerant cabinet, of means for supporting carbon dioxide ice and water ice therein, the water ice being exposed in heat exchange relation with the air currents in the cabinet, the carbon dioxide being substantially heat insulated from the water ice, and heat conducting means between the two refrigerants of limited heat conducting capacity to maintain the water ice below its normal temperature.

JUS'IUS C. GOOSMANN. i0 

